Rectal prolapse occurs when part of the rectum slips outward through the anus, creating a visible bulge. It typically appears as a moist, reddish-pink tissue protruding from the opening, often after straining, coughing, or passing stool. In its early stages, it may resemble a small, smooth swelling, but as it progresses, the protrusion can become larger, thicker, and ring-shaped, sometimes needing to be gently pushed back inside.
Typical Appearance of Rectal Prolapse
People often describe rectal prolapse as looking like:
- A round, moist, red or pink bulge coming out of the anus
- Tissue with circular folds or ring-like layers (a key identifying feature)
- A soft mass that may enlarge when straining or during a bowel movement
- A protrusion that may go back inside the body on its own in early stages
The tissue may look shiny or swollen because it is the inner lining of the rectum.
Related: Does a rectal prolapse hurt?
How Rectal Prolapse Changes Over Time
Rectal prolapse can develop gradually and may appear different depending on the stage.
Early Stage (Mild Prolapse)
- The rectum may protrude only during bowel movements
- The tissue usually returns inside the anus by itself
- The bulge is small and temporary
Moderate Stage
- The prolapse may occur during straining, coughing, or standing
- You might need to push the tissue back manually
Severe Stage (Complete Prolapse)
- A larger section of rectal tissue remains outside the anus
- The prolapse may stay visible most of the time
- Swelling, mucus, or irritation can occur
Common Symptoms That May Occur With Rectal Prolapse
In addition to the visible bulge, many people experience other symptoms, including:
- Feeling of a lump or pressure in the anal area
- Mucus discharge from the rectum
- Rectal bleeding or irritation
- Difficulty controlling bowel movements (fecal incontinence)
- A sensation that the bowel is not fully emptied
Some people also feel discomfort when sitting or walking if the prolapse is larger.
Related: Can rectal prolapse heal itself?
Rectal Prolapse vs. Hemorrhoids
Rectal prolapse is sometimes confused with hemorrhoids, but they look different.
- Rectal prolapse: shows circular rings of tissue because the rectal wall has turned outward.
- Hemorrhoids: appear as swollen veins or small lumps without circular folds.
A medical professional can confirm the difference through a physical examination.
Who Is More Likely to Develop Rectal Prolapse?
Rectal prolapse is more common in people who have:
- Chronic constipation or frequent straining
- Pelvic floor weakness
- Long-term diarrhea
- History of childbirth
- Older age, especially adults over 50
However, it can also occur in children and younger adults in certain conditions.
When to See a Doctor
You should seek medical care if you notice:
- Tissue protruding from the anus
- Persistent rectal bleeding
- Pain or swelling in the rectal area
- Loss of bowel control
Early diagnosis helps doctors recommend appropriate treatments such as pelvic floor therapy, lifestyle changes, or surgery in severe cases.
Quick Summary
Rectal prolapse usually looks like a red or pink bulging mass coming out of the anus with circular folds of tissue. It may appear during bowel movements at first but can become more constant over time. If you notice this symptom, a medical evaluation is important for proper diagnosis and treatment.